2. Las novedades de Debian 13

La Wiki tiene más información sobre este tema.

2.1. Arquitecturas soportadas

Las siguientes son las arquitecturas oficialmente soportadas en Debian 13:

  • 64-bit PC (amd64)

  • 64-bit ARM (arm64)

  • ARM EABI (armel)

  • ARMv7 (EABI hard-float ABI, armhf)

  • 64-bit little-endian PowerPC (ppc64el)

  • 64-bit little-endian RISC-V (riscv64)

  • IBM System z (s390x)

Additionally, on 64-bit PC systems, a partial 32-bit userland (i386) is available. Please see Reduced support for i386 for details.

Puede leer más acerca del estado y la información específica de las adaptaciones para su arquitectura en la página web de las adaptaciones de Debian.

2.2. ¿Qué novedades hay en la distribución?

2.2.1. Soporte oficial para riscv64

Esta versión por primera vez soporta oficialmente la arquitectura riscv64, permitiendo a los usuarios ejecutar Debian en hardware RISC-V de 64 bits y beneficiarse de todas las características de Debian 13.

La Wiki proporciona más detalles sobre el soporte de riscv64 en Debian.

2.2.2. Hardening against ROP and COP/JOP attacks on amd64 and arm64

trixie introduces security features on the amd64 and arm64 architectures designed to mitigate Return-Oriented Programming (ROP) exploits and Call/Jump-Oriented Programming (COP/JOP) attacks.

On amd64 this is based on Intel Control-flow Enforcement Technology (CET) for both ROP and COP/JOP protection, on arm64 it is based on Pointer Authentication (PAC) for ROP protection and Branch Target Identification (BTI) for COP/JOP protection.

The features are enabled automatically if your hardware supports them. For amd64 see the Linux kernel documentation and the Intel documentation, and for arm64 see the Wiki, and the Arm documentation, which have information on how to check if your processor supports CET and PAC/BTI and how they work.

2.2.3. Soporte de HTTP Boot

El Debian Installer y las Debian Live Images ahora pueden ser arrancadas usando «HTTP Boot» en firmware UEFI y U-Boot compatible.

En sistemas que usan firmware TianoCore, entre al menú Device Manager, luego elija Network Device List, seleccione la interfaz de red, HTTP Boot Configuration, y especifique la URL completa a la ISO de Debian a arrancar.

Para otras implementaciones de firmware, por favor vea la documentación del hardware de su sistema y/o la documentación del firmware.

2.2.4. Improved manual pages translations

The manpages-l10n project has contributed many improved and new translations for manual pages. Especially Romanian and Polish translations are greatly enhanced since bookworm.

2.2.5. 64-bit time_t ABI transition

All architectures other than i386 now use a 64-bit time_t ABI, supporting dates beyond 2038.

On 32-bit architectures (armel and armhf) the ABI of many libraries changed without changing the library «soname». On these architectures, third-party software and packages will need to be recompiled/rebuilt, and checked for possibly silent data loss.

The i386 architecture did not participate in this transition, since its primary function is to support legacy software.

More details can be found on the Debian wiki.

2.2.6. Entornos de escritorio y paquetes conocidos

This new release of Debian comes with a lot more software than its predecessor bookworm; the distribution includes over 11294 new packages, for a total of over 59551 packages. Most of the software in the distribution has been updated: over 42821 software packages (this is 72% of all packages in bookworm). Also, a significant number of packages (over 9519, 16% of the packages in bookworm) have for various reasons been removed from the distribution. You will not see any updates for these packages and they will be marked as «obsolete» in package management front-ends; see Paquetes obsoletos.

Debian again ships with several desktop applications and environments. Among others it now includes the desktop environments GNOME 48, KDE Plasma 6.3, LXDE 13, LXQt 2.1.0, and Xfce 4.20.

También se han actualizado las aplicaciones de productividad, incluyendo las suites de oficina:

  • LibreOffice is upgraded to version 25;

  • GNUcash is upgraded to 5.10;

Esta versión, entre muchas otras cosas, incluye las siguientes actualizaciones:

Paquete

Versión en 12 (bookworm)

Versión en 13 (trixie)

Apache

2.4.62

2.4.64

Bash

5.2.15

5.2.37

Servidor DNS BIND

9.18

9.20

Cryptsetup

2.6

2.7

Emacs

28.2

30.1

Exim (default email server)

4.96

4.98

GCC, the GNU Compiler Collection (default compiler)

12.2

14.2

GIMP

2.10.34

3.0.4

GnuPG

2.2.40

2.4.7

Inkscape

1.2.2

1.4

la biblioteca C de GNU

2.36

2.41

Linux kernel

6.1 series

6.12 series

LLVM/Clang toolchain

13.0.1 and 14.0 (default) and 15.0.6

19 (default), 17 and 18 available

MariaDB

10.11

11.8

Nginx

1.22

1.26

OpenJDK

17

21

OpenLDAP

2.5.13

2.6.10

OpenSSH

9.2p1

10.0p1

OpenSSL

3.0

3.5

Perl

5.36

5.40

PHP

8.2

8.4

Postfix

3.7

3.10

PostgreSQL

15

17

Python 3

3.11

3.13

Rustc

1.63

1.85

Samba

4.17

4.22

Systemd

252

257

Vim

9.0

9.1