2. Τι είναι νέο στην έκδοση Debian 13
The Wiki has more information about this topic.
2.1. Υποστηριζόμενες αρχιτεκτονικές
Οι ακόλουθες είναι οι επίσημα υποστηριζόμενες αρχιτεκτονικές για την έκδοση του Debian 13:
64-bit PC (
amd64)64-bit ARM (
arm64)ARM EABI (
armel)ARMv7 (EABI hard-float ABI,
armhf)64-bit little-endian PowerPC (
ppc64el)64-bit little-endian RISC-V (
riscv64)IBM System z (
s390x)
Additionally, on 64-bit PC systems, a partial 32-bit userland (i386)
is available. Please see Reduced support for i386 for details.
Μπορείτε να διαβάσετε περισσότερα για την κατάσταση των υλοποιήσεων και πληροφορίες για συγκεκριμένες υλοποιήσεις για την αρχιτεκτονική σας στις ιστοσελίδες Υλοποιήσεις του Debian.
2.2. Τι καινούριο υπάρχει στη διανομή;
2.2.1. Official support for riscv64
This release for the first time officially supports the riscv64 architecture, allowing users to run Debian on 64-bit RISC-V hardware and benefit from all Debian 13 features.
The Wiki provides more details about riscv64 support in Debian.
2.2.2. Hardening against ROP and COP/JOP attacks on amd64 and arm64
trixie introduces security features on the amd64 and arm64 architectures designed to mitigate Return-Oriented Programming (ROP) exploits and Call/Jump-Oriented Programming (COP/JOP) attacks.
On amd64 this is based on Intel Control-flow Enforcement Technology (CET) for both ROP and COP/JOP protection, on arm64 it is based on Pointer Authentication (PAC) for ROP protection and Branch Target Identification (BTI) for COP/JOP protection.
The features are enabled automatically if your hardware supports them. For amd64 see the Linux kernel documentation and the Intel documentation, and for arm64 see the Wiki, and the Arm documentation, which have information on how to check if your processor supports CET and PAC/BTI and how they work.
2.2.3. HTTP Boot Support
The Debian Installer and Debian Live Images can now be booted using «HTTP Boot» on supported UEFI and U-Boot firmware.
On systems using TianoCore firmware, enter the Device Manager menu, then choose Network Device List, select the network interface, HTTP Boot Configuration, and specify the full URL to the Debian ISO to boot.
For other firmware implementations, please see the documentation for your system’s hardware and/or the firmware documentation.
2.2.4. Desktop και γνωστά πακέτα
This new release of Debian comes with a lot more software than its predecessor bookworm; the distribution includes over 11294 new packages, for a total of over 59551 packages. Most of the software in the distribution has been updated: over 42821 software packages (this is 72% of all packages in bookworm). Also, a significant number of packages (over 9519, 16% of the packages in bookworm) have for various reasons been removed from the distribution. You will not see any updates for these packages and they will be marked as «obsolete» in package management front-ends; see Παρωχημένα πακέτα.
Debian again ships with several desktop applications and environments. Among others it now includes the desktop environments GNOME 48, KDE Plasma 6.3, LXDE 13, LXQt 2.1.0, and Xfce 4.20.
Διάφορες εφαρμογές παραγωγικότητας έχουν επίσης αναβαθμιστεί, συμπεριλαμβάνοντας τις σουίτες γραφείου:
LibreOffice is upgraded to version 25;
GNUcash is upgraded to 5.10;
Μεταξύ πολλών άλλων, αυτή η έκδοση περιλαμβάνει επίσης τις ακόλουθες επικαιροποιήσεις λογισμικού:
Πακέτο |
Έκδοση στην παλιά σταθερή έκδοση 12 (bookworm) |
Έκδοση στο 13 (trixie) |
|---|---|---|
Apache |
2.4.62 |
2.4.63 |
Bash |
5.2.15 |
5.2.37 |
BIND DNS Server |
9.18 |
9.20 |
Cryptsetup |
2.6 |
2.7 |
Emacs |
28.2 |
30.1 |
Exim (default email server) |
4.96 |
4.98 |
GCC, the GNU Compiler Collection (default compiler) |
12.2 |
14.2 |
GIMP |
2.10.34 |
3.0.2 |
GnuPG |
2.2.40 |
2.4.7 |
Inkscape |
1.2.2 |
1.4 |
the GNU C library |
2.36 |
2.41 |
Linux kernel |
Σειρά 6.1 |
6.12 series |
LLVM/Clang toolchain |
13.0.1 και 14.0 (προεπιλογή) και 15.0.6 |
19 (default), 17 and 18 available |
MariaDB |
10.11 |
11.8 |
Nginx |
1.22 |
1.26 |
OpenJDK |
17 |
21 |
OpenLDAP |
2.5.13 |
2.6.9 |
OpenSSH |
9.2p1 |
10.0p1 |
OpenSSL |
3.0 |
3.4 |
Perl |
5.36 |
5.40 |
PHP |
8.2 |
8.4 |
Postfix |
3.7 |
3.10 |
PostgreSQL |
15 |
17 |
Python 3 |
3.11 |
3.13 |
Rustc |
1.63 |
1.85 |
Samba |
4.17 |
4.22 |
Systemd |
252 |
257 |
Vim |
9.0 |
9.1 |